Perturbació

Perturbació is a term derived from the Latin word "perturbare," which means "to disturb" or "to shake." In the context of physics and engineering, perturbació refers to a small change or disturbance in a system that causes it to deviate from its original state. This concept is fundamental in various fields, including celestial mechanics, quantum mechanics, and control theory.

In celestial mechanics, perturbació is used to describe the gravitational influences that cause deviations in the orbits of celestial bodies. For example, the gravitational pull of other planets can perturb the orbit of a planet, leading to phenomena such as orbital resonance and long-term orbital changes.

In quantum mechanics, perturbació theory is a mathematical technique used to approximate the effects of a small disturbance on a quantum system. This approach is particularly useful when the exact solution to the system's Hamiltonian is not known.

In control theory, perturbació refers to any external or internal factor that causes a system to deviate from its desired state. Control engineers use various techniques to minimize the effects of perturbació and maintain system stability.

Overall, perturbació is a versatile concept that plays a crucial role in understanding and analyzing the behavior of complex systems across different scientific disciplines.