Perorálna

Perorálna refers to anything related to or administered by the mouth. This term is commonly used in medicine and pharmacology to describe routes of administration for drugs, substances, or treatments. When a medication is taken perorally, it means it is swallowed and enters the digestive system. This is one of the most common and convenient ways to administer medication.

The peroral route involves the substance being absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, primarily the stomach and small intestine, before entering the bloodstream. Factors such as the rate of gastric emptying, the presence of food, and the acidity of the stomach can influence the absorption of perorally administered drugs. Once absorbed, the substances travel to the liver via the portal vein, where they undergo first-pass metabolism before reaching the systemic circulation.

Peroral administration offers several advantages, including ease of use, patient compliance, and the ability to administer drugs in various dosage forms like tablets, capsules, liquids, and lozenges. However, it also has limitations. Some drugs are not suitable for peroral administration due to poor absorption, degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, or significant first-pass metabolism. In such cases, alternative routes of administration, such as intravenous, intramuscular, or topical, may be preferred. The term peroral is derived from Latin words meaning "by mouth."