Peritoneális

Peritoneális, or peritoneal in English, refers to the peritoneum, the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and enveloping most abdominal organs. The peritoneum consists of a mesothelial cell layer supported by connective tissue and forms two continuous layers: the parietal peritoneum lining the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering organs. The peritoneal cavity contains a small amount of fluid that lubricates surfaces to allow free movement and acts as a conduit for immune cells and molecules.

Anatomy and function: The peritoneum forms various reflections and folds, including the omenta and mesenteries, which provide routes for vessels and nerves and help to organize the abdominal organs. It also serves as a semi-permeable membrane contributing to fluid and waste exchange and immune defense.

Clinical relevance: Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneal membrane as a dialysis surface for removing wastes in kidney failure. In PD, dialysis solution is infused into the peritoneal cavity and then drained; infection of the peritoneum (peritonitis) is a major complication. Ascites refers to fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity and can arise from liver disease, cancer, or infection. Peritoneal carcinomatosis describes metastatic spread within the peritoneal cavity. Rare primary tumors like peritoneal mesothelioma can arise from mesothelial cells.

Diagnosis and management: Imaging (ultrasound, CT) and analysis of peritoneal fluid help evaluate conditions. Treatment varies by condition and may involve antibiotics for peritonitis, diuretics for ascites, chemotherapy for carcinomatosis, or dialysis optimization for PD.