Periareolar

Periareolar refers to the region surrounding the areola, the pigmented circular area around the nipple on the breast. The term is used in anatomy and clinical contexts to describe location, surgical approaches, and conditions that involve the areola and surrounding skin.

Anatomically, the periareolar region includes the areola and the immediate skin around it. The nipple-areolar complex contains the lactiferous ducts that open at the nipple, and the surrounding glandular tissue and skin contribute to the appearance and function during lactation. Blood supply to the area comes from branches of the internal thoracic, lateral thoracic, and intercostal arteries. Nerves from intercostal nerves provide sensation. Lymphatic drainage from the periareolar area can reach axillary and internal mammary (parasternal) nodes.

Variation in color, size, and hair distribution of the areola and periareolar region is common and influenced by age, pregnancy, lactation, and genetics. The areola contains Montgomery glands, which secrete waxy secretions believed to lubricate and protect the nipple during breastfeeding.

Clinical relevance: The periareolar zone is a common site for surgical incisions in breast procedures, such as reductions, augmentations, and mastopexy, because the scar can be concealed at the areolar border. Potential considerations include changes in nipple sensation, lactation capability, and risk of scar contracture or infection. Dermatologic or infectious conditions can affect the periareolar skin, including dermatitis or abscess formation.