Patogeeniks

Patogeeniks is a term derived from the Estonian language, meaning "pathogen." In a biological context, a pathogen is any agent that causes disease or illness to its host. These agents are typically microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. However, the term can also encompass larger entities like parasitic worms.

Pathogens operate through various mechanisms to infect and harm their hosts. Some reproduce within the host's cells, damaging or destroying them. Others produce toxins that disrupt normal bodily functions or trigger an inflammatory response that can be detrimental. The host's immune system is the primary defense against pathogens, but pathogens have evolved ways to evade or overwhelm these defenses.

The spread of pathogens, known as transmission, can occur through direct contact with an infected individual, indirect contact with contaminated surfaces, inhalation of airborne droplets, ingestion of contaminated food or water, or via vectors like insects. Understanding these transmission routes is crucial for disease prevention and control.

Common examples of diseases caused by pathogens include influenza (viral), tuberculosis (bacterial), athlete's foot (fungal), and malaria (protozoan). The study of pathogens and the diseases they cause is the field of pathology and microbiology.