PPPTases

PPPTases, or protein prenyltransferases, are a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of isoprenoid lipid groups to specific proteins. This process, known as prenylation, is a crucial post-translational modification that plays a significant role in protein localization, function, and regulation. PPPTases are divided into several subfamilies based on the type of prenyl group they transfer and the consensus sequence motif of their target proteins.

The most well-studied families include farnesyltransferases (FTases) and geranylgeranyltransferases (GGTases). FTases typically add a 15-carbon farnesyl group, while GGTases add a 20-carbon geranylgeranyl group. These enzymes are essential for the proper functioning of many cellular processes, including cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal organization. Aberrant prenyltransferase activity has been linked to various diseases, including cancer, highlighting their importance as therapeutic targets. Research into PPPTases continues to uncover new roles and potential applications in medicine and molecular biology.