PEX11proteiineilla

PEX11 proteins are a family of peroxisomal membrane proteins that play a crucial role in peroxisome biogenesis and dynamics. In yeast, there are multiple PEX11 proteins, such as Pex11p, Pex25p, Pex27p, and Pex33p, which exhibit distinct but sometimes overlapping functions. These proteins are integral membrane components of the peroxisome and are essential for the formation of new peroxisomes from pre-existing ones.

The primary function of PEX11 proteins is to promote peroxisome proliferation, a process also known as fission or budding. They are thought to act by inducing membrane curvature or by recruiting other proteins involved in peroxisome division. This dynamic process ensures that the cell maintains an adequate number of peroxisomes to carry out their diverse metabolic functions, including fatty acid oxidation and detoxification.

Studies in various organisms, including yeast and mammals, have revealed that PEX11 proteins are regulated by cellular signals and metabolic status. For instance, changes in nutrient availability or the presence of specific substrates can trigger the expression and activity of PEX11 proteins, leading to an increase in peroxisome number. Defects in PEX11 proteins can lead to a reduced number of peroxisomes or impaired peroxisome function, which can have significant consequences for cellular health. Research into PEX11 proteins continues to shed light on the intricate mechanisms governing peroxisome biogenesis and its importance in cellular physiology.