Püsivmagneetide

Püsivmagneetide, also known as permanent magnets, are objects made from materials that are magnetized and create their own persistent magnetic field. Unlike electromagnets, which require an electric current to produce a magnetic field, permanent magnets retain their magnetism without any external power source. This magnetism arises from the alignment of electron spins within the material.

The strength and properties of a permanent magnet depend on its composition. Common materials include alloys of rare-earth elements like neodymium (NdFeB magnets) and samarium (SmCo magnets), as well as ferrites and alnico (alloys of aluminum, nickel, and cobalt). Neodymium magnets are currently the strongest type of permanent magnet available, offering a high magnetic force in a compact size.

Permanent magnets have a wide range of applications in everyday life and industry. They are found in electric motors, generators, loudspeakers, hard disk drives, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, and various household items such as refrigerator magnets and latches. Their ability to generate a magnetic field continuously without power makes them indispensable components in many technological systems. The magnetic field of a permanent magnet weakens over time or if exposed to high temperatures or strong opposing magnetic fields, but under normal conditions, their magnetism is quite stable.