Overndað

overndað is a term that appears in Old English literature, primarily in religious and heroic contexts. Its literal translation is often given as "overthrown" or "conquered," but its semantic range can be broader, encompassing concepts of defeat, destruction, and ruin. The word is derived from the verb "oferwinnan," meaning "to overcome" or "to conquer."

In theological texts, overndað can refer to the spiritual defeat of evil forces, such as Satan, or the consequences of sin and disobedience leading to divine judgment. It signifies a state of being vanquished or brought low, often with moral implications.

In epic poetry and historical accounts, overndað describes the downfall of powerful individuals, kingdoms, or armies. It can denote a decisive military defeat, the destruction of a city, or the loss of power and prestige. The concept highlights the transience of earthly power and the inevitability of change and decay. Examples can be found in texts like Beowulf, where the might of warriors and their kin can ultimately face overndað. The term contributes to the somber and often fatalistic worldview present in much Old English literature.