Ohraniuje

Ohraniuje, also known as the Ohranka, was a secret police force established in the Russian Empire in 1880. It was created to combat revolutionary activities and maintain internal security. The Ohranka was initially headed by General Vasily Dolgorukov, who was later replaced by General Alexander Poltorak. The organization was responsible for countering the activities of various revolutionary groups, including the Narodnaya Volya (People's Will) and the Socialist Revolutionary Party.

The Ohranka operated under the Ministry of the Interior and was known for its brutal methods, including torture and extrajudicial killings. It maintained a network of informants and spies throughout the empire, allowing it to gather intelligence and suppress dissent. The organization was also involved in the suppression of the 1905 Revolution, which led to the establishment of the Duma, the first Russian parliament.

In 1906, the Ohranka was reorganized into the Okhrana, which continued to serve as the primary security agency of the Russian Empire until its dissolution in 1917. The Okhrana's methods and tactics had a significant impact on the political and social landscape of Russia, shaping the course of the country's history.