Noncirculatory
Noncirculatory, also known as noncirculatory plants, are organisms that lack the vascular tissue necessary for water and nutrient transport. This group includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Unlike vascular plants, which have roots, stems, and leaves, noncirculatory plants typically have simple, undifferentiated structures. They absorb water and nutrients directly through their surfaces, which limits their size and growth potential.
Mosses are the most well-known noncirculatory plants. They reproduce both sexually and asexually, and their spores
Liverworts and hornworts are less common and have distinct characteristics. Liverworts have a thallus that is
Noncirculatory plants are essential in early ecological succession, colonizing bare rock, soil, and other substrates. They