Nominální

Nominální refers to a value that is stated or named, as opposed to a real or actual value. In economics, nominal value is often used to describe economic quantities like wages, prices, or GDP without accounting for inflation. For example, nominal GDP represents the total value of goods and services produced in an economy at current market prices. When comparing economic data over time, it is usually more meaningful to look at real values, which adjust for changes in the general price level.

In finance, a nominal value, also known as face value or par value, is the value assigned to a security by its issuer. For a bond, the nominal value is the amount that will be repaid to the bondholder at maturity. For a share of stock, it is the arbitrary value assigned at the time of issuance, which often has little relation to the stock's market price.

The term nominal can also be used in other contexts to denote a designation or title without substantive power or significance. For instance, a nominal leader might be the official head of an organization but have little actual authority. Similarly, a nominal fee is a very small or token amount charged for a service. The core idea across these uses is a value or status that is declared or recognized but may differ from the actual or practical reality.