Neutronkrisztálografia

Neutronkrisztálografia is a scientific technique used to determine the atomic structure of materials. It utilizes neutrons as probes to interact with the nuclei of atoms within a sample. When a beam of neutrons is directed at a crystalline material, the neutrons are scattered by the atomic nuclei. The pattern of this scattered radiation, known as a diffraction pattern, is then analyzed. This analysis allows researchers to deduce the precise arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice.

The key advantage of neutron diffraction over other crystallographic techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, lies in the nature of neutron scattering. Neutrons are sensitive to the nuclei of atoms, whereas X-rays primarily interact with the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. This makes neutron diffraction particularly useful for locating light atoms, such as hydrogen, which have weak electron scattering power. Furthermore, neutrons can distinguish between isotopes and are sensitive to magnetic moments, enabling the study of magnetic structures.

Neutronkrisztálografia is a non-destructive technique, meaning the sample remains largely intact after the experiment. It is employed across a wide range of scientific disciplines, including materials science, chemistry, physics, and biology. Applications include understanding the structure of superconductors, catalysts, and complex biological molecules, as well as investigating phase transitions and defects in materials. The technique typically requires a neutron source, such as a nuclear reactor or a spallation source, and specialized diffractometer equipment.