Neutronáramlást

Neutronáramlást, often translated as neutron flux, is a fundamental concept in nuclear physics and reactor engineering. It quantifies the rate at which neutrons pass through a unit area in a material. More precisely, neutron flux is defined as the total distance traveled by all neutrons in a unit volume per unit time. Alternatively, it can be expressed as the product of the neutron density (number of neutrons per unit volume) and their average speed.

The unit of neutron flux is typically neutrons per square centimeter per second (n/cm²/s). A higher neutron flux indicates a greater intensity of neutron activity within a region. This is particularly relevant in nuclear reactors where neutron flux determines the rate of nuclear fission reactions. Controlled neutron flux is essential for maintaining a stable chain reaction and generating power.

Factors influencing neutron flux include the presence of neutron sources, neutron absorption by materials, and neutron scattering which can redirect neutrons. In nuclear reactors, the moderator, coolant, and control rods all play roles in managing the neutron flux. Understanding and accurately measuring neutron flux is crucial for reactor safety, fuel management, and the design of nuclear facilities. Variations in neutron flux within a reactor core can lead to uneven power distribution and potential safety concerns if not properly addressed.