Nervenleitungsstöungen

Nervenleitungsstörungen, also known as nerve conduction disorders, refer to conditions where the electrical signals that travel along nerves are disrupted. These disorders can affect either the peripheral nerves (those outside the brain and spinal cord) or the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). The disruption can manifest in various ways, leading to a range of symptoms.

Causes of nerve conduction disorders are diverse. They can stem from physical damage to the nerve, such as from injury, compression, or stretching. Autoimmune diseases, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks nerve tissue, are another significant cause. Metabolic disorders, like diabetes, can also lead to nerve damage over time due to elevated blood sugar levels. Infections, vitamin deficiencies, and exposure to toxins are other potential contributors.

Symptoms depend on which nerves are affected and the severity of the conduction block. Common symptoms include numbness, tingling, weakness, pain, and muscle atrophy. In some cases, autonomic nerves may be involved, leading to problems with heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, or sweating. Diagnosis typically involves a neurological examination, nerve conduction studies (NCS), and electromyography (EMG) to assess nerve and muscle function.

Treatment strategies aim to address the underlying cause and manage symptoms. This may involve medication to reduce inflammation or pain, physical therapy to improve strength and function, or surgical interventions to relieve nerve compression. Lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes or blood sugar control, can also be crucial for managing certain types of nerve conduction disorders. The prognosis varies widely depending on the specific condition and its severity.