Neglepladen

Neglepladen, also known as the nail plate, is the hard, protective covering that is part of the human and animal finger and toenails. It is primarily composed of keratin, a tough, fibrous protein. This structure is visible on the dorsal surface of the distal phalanx, the fingertip bone.

The nail plate is formed by the nail matrix, which is located at the base of the nail, beneath the cuticle. As new nail cells are produced in the matrix, they push older cells forward, causing the nail plate to grow. The nail plate itself is translucent, allowing the pinkish color of the underlying nail bed, which is rich in blood vessels, to show through. The lunula, a pale, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail, is a visible part of the nail matrix.

The primary functions of the nail plate include protecting the sensitive fingertips and toes from injury and providing support for the digits, which aids in fine motor skills and manipulation of objects. It also helps to enhance sensation in the fingertips by counter-pressure. Damage to the nail plate can occur due to trauma, infection, or various medical conditions, and its appearance can sometimes be an indicator of overall health.