NADHs

NADH, also known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a crucial coenzyme found in all living cells. It plays a vital role in metabolism, specifically in the transfer of energy. NADH is derived from niacin, a B vitamin. It exists in two forms: NAD+, the oxidized form, and NADH, the reduced form. The conversion between these two forms is central to many biochemical reactions.

The primary function of NADH is to carry high-energy electrons generated during the breakdown of glucose and other molecules through processes like glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. These electrons are then delivered to the electron transport chain, located in the mitochondria. Within the electron transport chain, the energy from these electrons is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy currency of the cell. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation.

Beyond its role in ATP production, NADH is also involved in various other cellular processes, including DNA repair, gene expression, and the synthesis of certain molecules. The balance between NAD+ and NADH levels is tightly regulated and is essential for maintaining cellular health and function. Imbalances in this ratio have been linked to various age-related diseases and metabolic disorders.