N1methylation

N1-methylation is a post-translational modification that occurs in proteins, specifically at the N-terminal amino group of lysine residues. This modification involves the addition of a methyl group to the nitrogen atom of the lysine side chain, resulting in the formation of N1-methyllysine. The process is catalyzed by specific enzymes known as protein lysine methyltransferases, which transfer a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the target lysine residue.

N1-methylation plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including gene regulation, protein stability, and cellular signaling. It is involved in the modulation of protein-protein interactions, chromatin structure, and the regulation of transcription factors. Additionally, N1-methylation has been implicated in the development of certain diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, where abnormal methylation patterns can contribute to disease pathogenesis.

The study of N1-methylation has gained significant attention in recent years, as researchers seek to understand its functional implications and potential as a therapeutic target. Advances in mass spectrometry and proteomics have facilitated the identification and characterization of N1-methylated proteins, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this modification. Furthermore, the development of inhibitors and activators of protein lysine methyltransferases has opened new avenues for the manipulation of N1-methylation in biological systems.