Mykorrhízának

Mykorrhízának refers to the symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant. This mutualistic relationship is crucial for the survival and growth of many plants, particularly in nutrient-poor soils. The fungus, in exchange for carbohydrates produced by the plant through photosynthesis, significantly enhances the plant's ability to absorb water and essential mineral nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, from the soil.

There are two main types of mycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizae, common with trees like pines and oaks, form a dense sheath around the root tip and penetrate between root cells but not into them. Arbuscular mycorrhizae, also known as endomycorrhizae, are more widespread and found in about 80% of plant species, including grasses and agricultural crops. In this type, the fungal hyphae penetrate the plant root cells, forming specialized structures called arbuscules where nutrient exchange occurs.

The benefits of mycorrhizal associations extend beyond nutrient uptake. They can improve soil structure, protect roots from pathogens, and increase plant tolerance to drought and salinity. The vast network of fungal hyphae, known as the mycelium, extends far beyond the plant's own root system, effectively increasing the surface area available for absorption. This intricate partnership plays a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems, supporting plant biodiversity and productivity.