Mittefiniitvormide

Mittefiniitvormide, also known as non-finite verb forms, are verb forms in Estonian that do not express tense, mood, or person. These forms are used to convey various grammatical functions, such as expressing purpose, condition, or consequence. The most common non-finite verb forms in Estonian include the infinitive, the gerund, and the supine.

The infinitive is formed by adding the suffix "-ma" to the verb stem. It is used to express the purpose or result of an action. For example, "ma lähen poodi" translates to "I go to the store" and "ma lähen poodi ostma" translates to "I go to the store to buy."

The gerund is formed by adding the suffix "-des" or "-mas" to the verb stem. It is used to express the action or state that is happening simultaneously with another action. For example, "ta käib koolis õppides" translates to "he is at school studying."

The supine is formed by adding the suffix "-nud" or "-tud" to the verb stem. It is used to express the result or consequence of an action. For example, "ta on jooksnud" translates to "he has run" and "ta on jooksnud kodu" translates to "he has run home."

Non-finite verb forms are an essential aspect of Estonian grammar, allowing for complex sentence structures and nuanced expressions. They are used in various contexts, including subordinate clauses, participial constructions, and infinitive constructions. Understanding and correctly using non-finite verb forms is crucial for effective communication in Estonian.