Mikrosiruarray

Mikrosiruarray, also known as a microarray or DNA chip, is a laboratory tool used to detect and measure the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. It consists of a solid surface, typically a glass slide or a nylon membrane, onto which thousands of small spots of DNA are attached in a predetermined order. Each spot represents a specific gene or DNA sequence.

The principle behind a microarray experiment involves hybridizing labeled samples, such as mRNA extracted from cells, to the DNA probes on the array. If a particular gene is expressed in the sample, its corresponding mRNA will bind, or hybridize, to the complementary DNA sequence on the array. The amount of binding is then measured, typically by fluorescence, which indicates the level of gene expression. This allows researchers to compare gene expression patterns between different samples, such as between healthy and diseased tissues, or under different experimental conditions.

Microarrays have revolutionized genomics research by enabling high-throughput analysis of gene activity. They are widely used in fields such as cancer research, drug discovery, and basic biological studies to identify genes involved in various biological processes and to understand disease mechanisms. While powerful, microarray data requires sophisticated bioinformatics analysis to interpret the large datasets generated.