Metylbenzol

Metylbenzol, also known as toluene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H8. It is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with a distinct aromatic odor. Toluene is a derivative of benzene, with one methyl group (-CH3) attached to the benzene ring.

Toluene is primarily obtained from petroleum refining processes, specifically from the catalytic reforming of naphtha. It is also a byproduct of coke production from coal. Its physical properties include a boiling point of 110.6 °C and a melting point of -95 °C. It is flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air.

The chemical reactivity of toluene is similar to that of benzene, but the methyl group makes it more susceptible to electrophilic substitution reactions. It can undergo oxidation to form benzoic acid and nitration to form nitrotoluenes.

Toluene has a wide range of industrial applications. It serves as a solvent for paints, lacquers, thinners, and adhesives. It is also a key component in the production of various chemicals, including benzene, xylene, and dinitrotoluene, which is used in the manufacturing of explosives. Furthermore, toluene is used as an octane enhancer in gasoline.

Exposure to toluene can occur through inhalation, skin absorption, or ingestion. Inhaling toluene vapors can lead to central nervous system effects such as dizziness, headache, and confusion. Prolonged or high-level exposure can cause more severe neurological and organ damage. Due to its potential health and environmental impacts, its use and handling are subject to regulations.