Metotreksaattia

Metotreksaatti is a medication primarily used in the treatment of certain types of cancer and autoimmune diseases. As a folate antagonist, it works by inhibiting the metabolism of folic acid, a crucial component for cell growth and reproduction. This mechanism makes it effective against rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, and also modulates the immune system's activity in autoimmune conditions.

In oncology, metotreksaatti is employed in chemotherapy regimens for various cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, and certain solid tumors like breast and lung cancer. It is administered intravenously or orally, depending on the specific treatment protocol and cancer type. Its use in cancer treatment aims to slow or stop the growth of cancerous cells.

Beyond cancer, metotreksaatti is a cornerstone treatment for several autoimmune disorders. It is widely prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease. In these conditions, it suppresses the overactive immune response that leads to inflammation and tissue damage. For autoimmune diseases, it is typically taken orally in lower doses than those used for chemotherapy, often on a weekly basis.

The administration of metotreksaatti requires careful medical supervision due to potential side effects. Common adverse effects can include nausea, fatigue, mouth sores, and hair loss. More serious side effects may involve liver damage, kidney problems, and bone marrow suppression. Due to its impact on cell division, it can also pose risks during pregnancy, and effective contraception is advised for individuals of reproductive potential. Regular monitoring through blood tests is essential to manage its use safely and effectively.