Mesenchymální

Mesenchymální refers to a type of embryonic connective tissue. It is characterized by undifferentiated cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. These cells, known as mesenchymal cells, are stellate or spindle-shaped and possess the remarkable ability to differentiate into various specialized cell types, including bone cells (osteoblasts), cartilage cells (chondrocytes), muscle cells (myocytes), and fat cells (adipocytes).

This multipotency makes mesenchyme a crucial tissue during embryonic development. It serves as the primary source of connective tissues and other mesodermal derivatives. The mesenchyme arises from the mesoderm germ layer during gastrulation. It migrates throughout the developing embryo, populating different regions and forming the structural framework of organs and tissues.

The extracellular matrix of mesenchyme is abundant and contains collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. This gel-like substance provides support and allows for cell movement and differentiation. In adults, residual mesenchymal cells can be found in various locations, such as the bone marrow and surrounding blood vessels, where they can participate in tissue repair and regeneration. The term mesenchyme is also sometimes used more broadly to describe cells with similar properties, even if they are not strictly of embryonic origin.