Mechanizm

Mechanizm is a term used in several languages to denote a mechanism or a system of moving parts designed to transform input motion or force into a desired output. In engineering usage, a mechanism refers to a set of rigid bodies connected by joints that constrain and guide motion to achieve a specific function. A related idea is a machine, which is a mechanism or set of mechanisms that uses energy to perform work; not every mechanism becomes a machine if it does not transfer energy.

Common simple mechanisms include the classic six simple machines—lever, inclined plane, wedge, screw, pulley, and wheel and axle—often combined into linkages and gear trains. Key components are rigid links, joints, cams, gears, and springs. Kinematic analysis studies positions, velocities, and accelerations of moving parts to ensure the mechanism meets design requirements such as range of motion and force transmission.

Mechanizm appears across many domains. In engineering, mechanisms enable reciprocating engines, robotic arms, conveyors, and clocks. In biology, molecular mechanisms describe how enzymes or motor proteins drive biological processes. In social and political contexts, mechanism describes processes by which policies or incentives produce outcomes. Historical examples include the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient geared device used to predict astronomical positions.

The term’s usage varies by language, but the core idea remains: Mechanizm denotes a structured arrangement that converts motion or force to achieve a function. Mechanizm and related mechanisms are foundational in design, automation, and systems thinking.