Magnesiumkloridi

Magnesiumkloridi, or magnesium chloride, is an inorganic salt with the chemical formula MgCl2. It exists in anhydrous form and in hydrates; the hexahydrate MgCl2·6H2O is common in natural brines and is the mineral bischofite. The compound is white, highly soluble in water and highly hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air and forms hydrates.

In nature, magnesium chloride occurs in evaporation-derived brine deposits and as the hydrated mineral bischofite. Related minerals include carnallite, a hydrated potassium-magnesium chloride salt. The compound is also found in seawater in dissolved form.

Industrial production of anhydrous MgCl2 is typically achieved by reacting magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate with hydrochloric acid, or by processing magnesium metal with hydrochloric acid. The hexahydrate can be obtained by hydration or by evaporating brine solutions. MgCl2 is a versatile precursor for the production of magnesium metal through electrolysis of molten MgCl2 (the Downs process).

Uses of magnesium chloride include its role as a feedstock for magnesium metal production, a drying agent and Lewis acid catalyst in organic synthesis, and a brine for road de-icing and dust suppression in winter. It also finds applications in textile processing and as an electrolyte or buffer component in certain pharmaceutical and food-processing contexts under appropriate purity standards.

Safety and handling: magnesium chloride is corrosive to skin and eyes and can cause irritation. Solutions are mildly acidic. It should be stored in a dry, sealed container and handled with appropriate protective equipment to minimize contact and inhalation of dust or aerosols.