M1Zellen

M1Zellen, also known as M1 macrophages, are a subtype of macrophages, a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. M1 macrophages are characterized by their pro-inflammatory properties and are activated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). They are primarily involved in the early stages of infection and tissue damage, producing cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These cytokines help to recruit other immune cells to the site of infection and enhance the body's ability to fight off pathogens. M1 macrophages also express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules, which are involved in antigen presentation to T cells. However, their excessive activation can lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage, contributing to conditions such as autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. The balance between M1 and M2 macrophages is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive inflammation.