Lymfoomák

Lymfoomák is a general term for cancers that originate in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and nodes that play a crucial role in the immune system, helping to fight infection and disease. Lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, grow and multiply uncontrollably, forming tumors. These abnormal cells can accumulate in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs.

There are two main categories of lymphoma: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by the presence of specific abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a broader category encompassing a diverse group of lymphomas that do not contain Reed-Sternberg cells. The exact causes of lymphoma are not fully understood, but certain risk factors have been identified, including age, a weakened immune system, and exposure to certain viruses.

Symptoms of lymphoma can vary depending on the type and location of the cancer. Common signs include painless swelling of lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, imaging scans, and a biopsy of affected tissue. Treatment options for lymphoma depend on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Early detection and prompt treatment are important for improving outcomes.