Luhansk

Luhansk, also spelled Lugansk, is a city in eastern Ukraine and the administrative center of Luhansk Oblast. It lies in the Donbas region on the Seversky Donets river, near the border with Russia. The city has historically been an industrial center, with coal mining, metallurgy, and machinery manufacturing shaping its economy. It serves as a regional hub for transport, education, and culture.

The settlement was established in the late 18th century during the Russian Empire and gained city status in the 19th century. During the Soviet period it was renamed Voroshilovgrad (1935–1958) and later returned to Lugansk/Luhansk after de-Stalinization and Ukrainian independence. In the post-Soviet era it remained part of Ukraine’s Donetsk basin industrial belt.

Since 2014, the administration and governance of Luhansk Oblast have been disputed as separatist authorities in the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic gained control of parts of the region, including the city at times. The conflict has led to significant disruption, population shifts, and humanitarian concerns. Internationally, Luhansk is recognized as part of Ukraine, although the area has been governed de facto by rival authorities in different periods, and the situation remains dynamic.

Economy and culture: The city remains an important urban center with educational institutions, theaters, museums, and media outlets. It is connected by rail and road to other Ukrainian cities and to neighboring regions.