Lipocalin1

Lipocalin1, also known as von Ebner's inner surface protein or olfactory protein 1, is a protein belonging to the lipocalin family. Lipocalins are a diverse group of small secreted proteins characterized by a conserved three-dimensional structure that forms a binding pocket for hydrophobic molecules. Lipocalin1 is primarily found in the secretions of exocrine glands, particularly in the salivary glands and lacrimal glands.

In saliva, Lipocalin1 is a major component and plays a significant role in olfaction. It binds to odorant molecules, effectively extracting them from the air and transporting them to olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium. This binding and transport mechanism is crucial for modulating our sense of smell, potentially enhancing the detection of certain odors or masking others. It is thought to contribute to the perception of flavors by interacting with both volatile and non-volatile compounds in food.

Beyond its role in olfaction, Lipocalin1 has also been implicated in other physiological processes. Its presence in tears suggests a role in maintaining ocular surface health and protecting the eye. Research has also indicated potential roles in immune response and in the transport of lipids. The precise functions of Lipocalin1 are still an active area of research, with ongoing studies exploring its involvement in various biological pathways and its potential as a biomarker.