Linsenaberrationen

Linsenaberrationen, also known as lens aberrations, are optical defects that prevent light from focusing at a single point after passing through a lens. These imperfections can lead to a distorted or blurry image. Several types of aberrations exist, each affecting the image in a specific way. Chromatic aberration occurs because lenses refract different wavelengths of light at slightly different angles, resulting in color fringing around objects. Spherical aberration arises from the curvature of the lens, causing light rays passing through the edges to focus at a different point than those passing through the center. Coma aberration resembles a comet's tail, appearing as asymmetric distortions, particularly noticeable away from the optical axis. Astigmatism causes light rays in perpendicular planes to focus at different distances, leading to blurred or elongated images. Distortion aberration affects the straightness of lines, with pincushion distortion causing straight lines to bend inward and barrel distortion causing them to bend outward. Aberrations can be minimized through careful lens design, using multiple lens elements in combination, or employing specialized lens coatings. Understanding and correcting these aberrations is crucial for achieving high-quality optical performance in instruments like telescopes, microscopes, and cameras.