Lingvistikës

Lingvistikës, the Albanian term for linguistics, is the scientific study of language and its structure, use, and change. It analyzes how languages are organized at multiple levels—from sounds (phonetics and phonology) to word formation (morphology), sentence structure (syntax), meaning (semantics) and language in context (pragmatics). It also considers language variation across communities, social groups, and time.

Subfields include historical/ comparative linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, pragmatics, semantics, phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and computational linguistics. Typology studies cross-linguistic similarities and differences, while corpus linguistics uses large collections of texts to study language use.

Methodologically, lingvistikës combines descriptive analysis, theoretical modeling, experimental studies, fieldwork, and computational tools. Data sources include elicited speech, spontaneous discourse, recorded conversations, and corpora.

Historically, linguistics emerged from philosophy and grammar traditions and matured in the 19th and 20th centuries through figures who formalized theories about language structure and change. The aim is to describe how languages are structured, how they vary, and how they change over time, and to apply this knowledge to education, preservation, and technology.

Practically, insights from lingvistikës support language teaching, speech-language pathology, language policy, and natural language processing, including voice interfaces, translation systems, and text analysis.