Leväplanktonia

Leväplanktonia, often referred to as phytoplankton, are microscopic, plant-like organisms that drift in bodies of water. They are the primary producers in most aquatic ecosystems, forming the base of the food web. Like terrestrial plants, phytoplankton utilize photosynthesis to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and nutrients into energy and organic matter. This process releases oxygen as a byproduct, making phytoplankton crucial for maintaining Earth's atmospheric oxygen levels.

These tiny organisms are incredibly diverse, belonging to various taxonomic groups including diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, and coccolithophores. Their size ranges from a few micrometers to several millimeters, and they are found in virtually all aquatic environments, from oceans and freshwater lakes to ponds and even moist soil.

Phytoplankton blooms, periods of rapid population growth, can occur when nutrient availability and sunlight are abundant. These blooms can significantly impact water clarity and color, sometimes leading to visible discoloration. While essential for life, some species of phytoplankton can produce toxins, leading to harmful algal blooms (HABs) that can negatively affect aquatic organisms and human health. Their role in the global carbon cycle is also significant, as they absorb substantial amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide.