Lõhustamispommid

Lõhustamispommid, also known as fission bombs or atomic bombs, are a type of nuclear weapon that derive their explosive energy from the nuclear fission of heavy atomic nuclei. This process involves splitting the nucleus of an atom, such as uranium or plutonium, into smaller nuclei. This splitting releases a tremendous amount of energy, according to Einstein's famous equation E=mc². The chain reaction is initiated when a neutron strikes a fissile atom, causing it to split and release more neutrons. These neutrons then strike other fissile atoms, leading to a rapid and uncontrolled chain reaction.

The design of a lõhustamispomm typically involves bringing a critical mass of fissile material together very quickly. This can be achieved through two primary methods: the gun-type assembly and the implosion-type assembly. In the gun-type design, one subcritical mass of fissile material is fired into another subcritical mass, creating a supercritical mass. In the implosion-type design, conventional explosives are used to compress a subcritical mass of fissile material, making it supercritical. Both methods aim to achieve a rapid increase in neutron population, resulting in a powerful explosion. The first atomic bombs used in warfare, during World War II, were lõhustamispommid.