Köröm

Köröm refers to the nails on the fingers and toes. The visible part is the nail plate, which rests on the nail bed. The matrix, located beneath the proximal nail fold, produces most of the keratin that forms the nail plate. The cuticle (eponychium) and surrounding nail folds protect the matrix from infection. The lunula is the pale, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail.

Nail growth occurs from the matrix as it keratinizes. Fingernails typically grow about 2 to 4 millimeters per month, while toenails grow more slowly, roughly 1 to 2 millimeters per month. Growth rate can be influenced by age, health, season, and site (fingers versus toes). Nails do not have nerves in the visible nail plate, but the nail bed beneath is sensitive to injury.

Functionally, köröm protect the fingertip pads, aid in picking up and manipulating small objects, and contribute to tactile sensation by providing a rigid lever at the fingertip. They also reflect overall health; changes in color, thickness, or shape can indicate local trauma or systemic conditions.

Care and common conditions: good hygiene, keeping nails clean and dry, trimming straight across with rounded corners, and avoiding trauma or harsh chemicals help maintain nail health. Common disorders include fungal infections (onychomycosis), inflammation of the nail folds (paronychia), ingrown nails (unguis incarnatus), and nail changes associated with psoriasis or anemia. Persistent or rapidly changing nail appearance warrants medical evaluation, as it may signal infection or systemic disease.