Kvanttiavainjaossa

Kvanttiavainjaossa, or quantum key distribution, is a method of securely sharing encryption keys between two parties using the principles of quantum mechanics. The most well-known protocol for quantum key distribution is BB84, developed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. In this protocol, a sender (Alice) encodes information into quantum states, such as the polarization of photons, and sends them to a receiver (Bob). Bob then measures the states and communicates his results to Alice over a classical channel. The security of the key distribution relies on the principles of quantum mechanics, particularly the no-cloning theorem and the fact that any measurement on a quantum state disturbs it. If an eavesdropper (Eve) attempts to intercept the key, her presence is detectable, as her actions will alter the quantum states and introduce errors in the key. This makes quantum key distribution a promising technology for secure communication, as it provides a way to detect eavesdropping and ensure the integrity of the shared key. However, practical implementations of quantum key distribution face challenges such as the loss of photons during transmission and the need for quantum repeaters to extend the range of the communication. Despite these challenges, quantum key distribution is an active area of research and development, with the potential to revolutionize secure communication in the future.