Kriogeeniline

Kriogeeniline refers to a temperature range significantly below normal ambient temperatures. Generally, temperatures below -150 degrees Celsius (123 Kelvin or -238 degrees Fahrenheit) are considered cryogenic. This field of study and technology involves the production and utilization of very low temperatures. Materials and substances that exist or behave in unique ways at these extreme temperatures are often referred to as cryogenic.

The primary focus of cryogenics is on substances that are gases at room temperature but become liquids or solids at cryogenic temperatures. Examples include liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen, and liquid helium. These cryogenic liquids are essential for various applications.

Cryogenic technology finds widespread use in numerous sectors. In medicine, it is employed for cryopreservation of biological samples like blood, tissues, and sperm. Cryosurgery uses extreme cold to destroy diseased tissue. In scientific research, cryogenics is vital for experiments involving superconductivity, particle physics, and astronomy, often requiring ultra-low temperatures to reduce thermal noise and observe specific phenomena.

The industrial applications of cryogenics are also significant. Liquid nitrogen is used for flash freezing of food, industrial cooling, and in the production of semiconductors. Liquid oxygen is a crucial component in rocket propulsion and medical respiration. The development of superconducting magnets, which require cryogenic cooling, has revolutionized medical imaging (MRI) and high-energy physics accelerators.