Krüopreservatsioon

Krüopreservatsioon, also known as cryopreservation, is a process where biological materials are preserved by cooling them to very low temperatures, typically -80 degrees Celsius or -196 degrees Celsius using liquid nitrogen. This extreme cold significantly slows down or stops all biological activity, preventing degradation and preserving the viability of cells, tissues, or even whole organisms for extended periods.

The primary goal of krüopreservatsioon is to maintain the integrity and functionality of biological samples so they can be revived or used at a later time. This is achieved through a careful process that often involves the use of cryoprotective agents. These substances, such as glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), help prevent the formation of ice crystals within cells. Ice crystals can cause physical damage, leading to cell death during the freezing and thawing cycles.

Krüopreservatsioon has a wide range of applications. It is crucial in fertility treatments for preserving sperm, eggs, and embryos. In scientific research, it allows for the long-term storage of cell lines, stem cells, and microorganisms, enabling future studies and experiments. It is also used in conservation efforts to preserve the genetic material of endangered species. The successful revival of cryopreserved biological material depends on the specific protocols used and the type of sample being preserved.