Kopoltyúban

Kopoltyúban refers to the process of breathing through gills, a respiratory organ found in many aquatic animals, most notably fish. Gills are typically located on either side of the head and are composed of feathery filaments rich in blood vessels. These filaments have a large surface area that allows for efficient gas exchange. Water is drawn into the mouth and passes over the gill filaments. As the water flows, dissolved oxygen diffuses from the water into the blood within the gill capillaries, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, diffuses from the blood into the water. The deoxygenated water, now carrying waste products, is then expelled from the body, usually through gill slits or opercula. This continuous flow of water over the gills ensures a constant supply of oxygen for the animal's metabolic needs and the removal of carbon dioxide. The efficiency of kopoltyúban is crucial for the survival of aquatic life in their oxygen-limited environment. Different aquatic species have evolved various adaptations in their gill structures and respiratory mechanisms to optimize oxygen uptake based on their specific habitats and activity levels.