Kléber

Klæber is a term used in Danish and related Scandinavian languages referring to an adhesive substance that makes surfaces stick. In everyday Danish, the more common words for such a substance are lim or klæbemiddel, but klæber appears in technical, historical, or specialized contexts to denote something that adheres or an adhesive material.

Adhesives can be broadly categorized as natural or synthetic. Natural adhesives include animal glues (made from collagen), casein glues (from milk protein), and starch pastes. Plant-based or gum-based adhesions, such as gum arabic or dextrin, are also used in certain applications. Synthetic adhesives cover a wide range, including polyvinyl acetate (PVA) glues, rubber-based compounds, epoxy resins, polyurethane adhesives, and cyanoacrylates. Each type varies in bonding strength, curing time, temperature tolerance, flexibility, and water resistance.

Common applications span woodworking, bookbinding, paper and packaging, textiles, and construction. The choice of klæber depends on the substrates, required bond, ambient conditions, and whether a reversible or permanent bond is needed. Key properties include initial tack, open time, final strength, and resistance to moisture and heat. Surface preparation, cleanliness, and proper application significantly influence performance.

Safety and handling focus on ventilation for volatile components, protection against skin and eye contact, and appropriate storage. Many modern adhesives contain volatile organic compounds and require adherence to safety data sheets. The history of adhesives traces back to ancient times with natural glues, while the 20th century saw widespread adoption of synthetic formulations that broadened bonding options across industries.