Kloridiioneja

Kloridiioneja are negatively charged ions of chlorine. In chemical terms, the chlorine atom has an atomic number of 17, meaning it has 17 protons. In its neutral state, it also has 17 electrons. When a chlorine atom gains one electron, it achieves a stable electron configuration, resulting in a net charge of -1. This species is then referred to as a chloride ion, with the chemical formula Cl-.

Chloride ions are ubiquitous in nature and play crucial roles in biological systems and chemical processes. They are a major component of common salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), which dissociates into sodium cations (Na+) and chloride anions (Cl-) when dissolved in water. In biological organisms, chloride ions are essential for maintaining fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and the production of stomach acid. They are transported across cell membranes by various ion channels and transporters.

In industrial applications, chloride ions are found in numerous compounds and are involved in processes such as water treatment, disinfectant production, and the manufacturing of plastics and pharmaceuticals. Their solubility in water and their ability to form salts with many metals contribute to their widespread presence and utility. The concentration of chloride ions in water bodies can be an indicator of pollution levels, as it can increase due to agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and seawater intrusion.