Kariotipizálással

Kariotipizálással is a Hungarian term referring to karyotyping, a process used in genetics to examine an individual's chromosomes. Chromosomes are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information. Karyotyping involves taking a sample of cells, typically from blood, and then culturing them to encourage cell division. During a specific phase of cell division called metaphase, the chromosomes are most condensed and visible. The cells are then fixed and stained, and the chromosomes are photographed under a microscope. These chromosomes are then arranged in order of size and banding pattern, creating a karyotype, which is essentially a picture of the complete set of chromosomes. This arrangement helps identify any abnormalities in chromosome number or structure, such as an extra chromosome (trisomy) or a missing chromosome (monosomy), or significant structural changes like deletions, duplications, or translocations. Karyotyping is a valuable diagnostic tool used to identify genetic disorders like Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Turner syndrome (monosomy X), and Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). It can also be used to investigate cases of infertility, recurrent miscarriages, and certain types of cancer. The process requires specialized laboratory equipment and expertise to perform accurately.