Karcinogéneket

Karcinogéneket are substances or agents that can cause cancer. They work by damaging the cell's DNA, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumors. This damage can occur through various mechanisms, including direct interaction with DNA, generation of reactive oxygen species, or interference with DNA repair processes.

Exposure to carcinogens can happen through multiple routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. Common sources of carcinogens include tobacco smoke, certain industrial chemicals, radiation, and some infectious agents. The risk of developing cancer depends on the type of carcinogen, the level and duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies carcinogens into different groups based on the strength of the evidence linking them to cancer in humans. Group 1 agents are known carcinogens, Group 2A are probably carcinogenic, Group 2B are possibly carcinogenic, and Group 3 are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans.

Preventing exposure to known carcinogens is a key strategy in cancer prevention. This includes avoiding smoking, limiting exposure to environmental pollutants, and adhering to safety guidelines in occupational settings. Public health initiatives and regulations aim to reduce carcinogen exposure in the general population.