Kapsaisiinia

Kapsaisiini is a chemical compound that stimulates specific sensory neurons in the skin, mainly in mammals, by binding to TRPV1 receptors. This binding process causes the sensation of heat or burning. Capsaicin is the active component of chili peppers, which are fruits of plants from the genus Capsicum. Its intensity is measured using the Scoville scale. Pure capsaicin is an odorless, crystalline white substance.

The presence of capsaicin in chili peppers is believed to be an evolutionary adaptation to deter mammals from eating their seeds. Birds, which are less sensitive to capsaicin, are effective at spreading the seeds. Capsaicin is synthesized in the pericarp of the chili pepper fruit.

In addition to its presence in food, capsaicin has various applications. It is used in topical creams and patches to alleviate pain, such as arthritis or nerve pain, by desensitizing the pain receptors. It is also found in pepper spray, a non-lethal weapon used for self-defense. Research has explored its potential in weight management, pain relief, and even as an anti-cancer agent, though more studies are needed to confirm these effects. Capsaicin is generally safe for consumption in moderate amounts, but excessive intake can cause digestive discomfort and other adverse reactions.