Kambiumid

Kambiumid, also known as cambium, is a layer of actively dividing cells located between the xylem and phloem in the stems and roots of woody plants. It plays a crucial role in the secondary growth of plants, which is the increase in girth or diameter of the plant. The cambium is composed of two types of cells: fusiform initials and ray initials. Fusiform initials give rise to the xylem and phloem, while ray initials form the rays, which are radial files of parenchyma cells that run perpendicular to the length of the stem.

The cambium is responsible for the production of secondary xylem, which transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, and secondary phloem, which transports sugars and other organic compounds produced during photosynthesis. The cambium is also involved in wound healing, as it can regenerate new xylem and phloem cells to repair damaged tissue.

The cambium is typically a narrow band of cells, but it can vary in thickness depending on the species and environmental conditions. In some plants, the cambium may be interrupted by bands of cork cambium, which produces cork tissue that protects the plant from external damage. The cambium is also responsible for the production of heartwood and sapwood, which are the inner and outer layers of the wood, respectively.

The cambium is a vital component of the plant's vascular system and plays a crucial role in the growth and development of woody plants. Its ability to produce new xylem and phloem cells allows plants to adapt to changing environmental conditions and maintain their structural integrity over time.