Kaamosoireyhtymä

Kaamosoireyhtymä, often referred to as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) in English, is a mood disorder that is associated with the changing seasons. It typically begins in the late autumn or early winter months and resolves in the spring. The primary characteristic of kaamosoireyhtymä is a pattern of depressive symptoms that occur during these darker periods.

Common symptoms include persistent sadness, low energy, increased need for sleep, changes in appetite often leading to weight gain, difficulty concentrating, and a general feeling of lethargy. Some individuals may also experience irritability and a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed. The severity of symptoms can vary from mild to severe, significantly impacting a person's daily functioning and quality of life.

The exact cause of kaamosoireyhtymä is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the disruption of the body's internal clock, or circadian rhythm, due to changes in natural light exposure. Reduced sunlight can affect levels of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep, and serotonin, a neurotransmitter that influences mood. Genetic predisposition and individual sensitivity to light are also thought to play a role.

Diagnosis is typically made based on a patient's history of recurrent depressive episodes that are linked to specific seasons. Treatment options often include light therapy, which involves exposure to a bright light box, antidepressant medication, and psychotherapy. Lifestyle adjustments such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule and increasing physical activity can also be beneficial.