KIR2DS1004

KIR2DS1004 is a gene that encodes for a protein belonging to the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family. KIR proteins are a group of transmembrane receptors found on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells and some T cells. They play a critical role in the immune system by regulating the activity of these lymphocytes. KIR2DS1004 is specifically a KIR2DS subtype, characterized by the presence of two extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains.

The function of KIR2DS1004 is to recognize and bind to specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, which are present on the surface of target cells. The interaction between KIR2DS1004 and its cognate HLA ligand can lead to either activation or inhibition of the NK cell. The specific outcome depends on the particular KIR receptor and its corresponding HLA ligand. KIR2DS receptors are generally considered activating receptors, meaning their engagement typically leads to the enhanced cytotoxic activity of the NK cell, promoting the elimination of infected or cancerous cells.

Genetic variations within the KIR2DS1004 gene can influence an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases and their response to therapies. Research into KIR2DS1004 and other KIR genes is ongoing, aiming to understand their precise roles in immune surveillance, transplantation outcomes, and autoimmune disorders. The diversity of KIR genes and their ligands contributes to the complex regulation of immune responses.