Kõhunäärmel

Kõhunäärmel, scientifically known as the pancreas, is a gland located in the abdomen. It plays a crucial role in both digestion and hormone production. The pancreas is about 6 inches long and lies behind the stomach. It is divided into three main parts: the head, body, and tail.

As an exocrine gland, the pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are essential for breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine. These enzymes are secreted into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, through a duct system.

In its endocrine function, the pancreas contains clusters of cells called the islets of Langerhans. These cells produce vital hormones, including insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream. Glucagon has the opposite effect, raising blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. Imbalances in these hormones can lead to conditions like diabetes mellitus.

The pancreas is a complex organ with dual functions that are critical for maintaining metabolic balance and ensuring proper nutrient absorption from food.