Káliumionokat

Káliumionokat, often abbreviated as K+, are positively charged ions of the element potassium. Potassium is an alkali metal with the chemical symbol K and atomic number 19. In its ionic form, it has lost one electron, resulting in a net positive charge. These ions are essential for numerous biological processes in living organisms, playing a crucial role in maintaining cell membrane potential and facilitating nerve impulse transmission.

The concentration of potassium ions is particularly important in the body's fluid balance, both inside and outside cells. The electrochemical gradient created by the unequal distribution of potassium ions across cell membranes is fundamental for cellular function. This gradient is actively maintained by ion pumps, such as the sodium-potassium pump.

In chemistry, potassium ions are found in many salts and are soluble in water. They are a key component of electrolytes, which are substances that produce an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent such as water. Their presence in biological systems also contributes to the electrical activity of muscles, including the heart. Disruptions in potassium ion balance can lead to various health issues, highlighting their critical physiological importance.