Jodtillförsel

Jodtillförsel refers to the intake of iodine, an essential trace element crucial for human health. Iodine is a vital component of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Adequate iodine intake is particularly important during pregnancy and early childhood for proper brain development.

The primary source of iodine in most diets is iodized salt, where iodine compounds are added to common salt. Other dietary sources include seafood, dairy products, and eggs, though the iodine content can vary depending on the geographic location and farming practices. In some regions, iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) remain a public health concern. These can manifest as goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, and hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by insufficient thyroid hormone production. In severe cases, especially during pregnancy, iodine deficiency can lead to cretinism, a form of irreversible intellectual disability.

Global efforts, primarily through salt iodization programs, have significantly reduced the prevalence of IDDs. However, maintaining optimal iodine levels requires a balanced diet and awareness of iodine-rich foods. Excessive iodine intake can also have adverse health effects, potentially leading to thyroid dysfunction, such as hyperthyroidism or worsening of pre-existing thyroid conditions. Therefore, ensuring both sufficient and not excessive iodine intake is key for thyroid health.